Description
The Varnish & Deposit Identification and Measurement (VIM) Certification Preparation outline:
Problems Associated with Varnish and Deposits
Flow restriction, starvation and filter plugging
Restricted movement, stiction and silt lock
Increased friction and effect on efficiency
Impaired heat transfer
Bearing operation
Need to flush
Accelerated lubricant degradation
Lubricant performance properties
Varnish and Deposit Composition
Lubricant Breakdown Products
Oxidation overview
Mechanism and breakdown products (discuss for base oils and additives)
Nitration
Hydrolysis overview
Mechanism and breakdown products (discuss for base oils and additives)
Thermolysis overview
Mechanism and breakdown products
Adiabatic gas compression (including dieseling)
Hot wall carbonization (coking and inorganic deposits)
Electrostatic discharge (coking)
Bulk thermal degradation
Combustion from engines
Contamination
Coolants
Process chemicals
Combustion product/gas blow-by (soot etc.)
Cross-contamination (incompatible lubricants, additive precipitation)
Vapor phase inhibitor
Leached metals
NOX Ingression (compressor applications)
Radiological contamination in nuclear plants
How Breakdown Products/Contaminants Become Deposits
Solubility of breakdown products:
Laws of solubility
Effect of temperature.
Micelle (CMC)
Agglomeration
Soluble – insoluble equilibria, saturation and impurity-holding capacity (IHC).
Oil Analysis Techniques that can be used to Gauge Breakdown and Propensity Towards Deposit Formation
MPC Varnish Potential
Test description
Importance of sample preparation (omit light, heat 24 hours, incubate 72 hours)
Case Studies
Acid Number
Detects oxidation products and hydrolysis products (esters)
Varnish precursor and promoter of accelerated breakdown
Decrease may indicate additive depletion (spent additives may lead to deposits)
FTIR
Detects oxidation products (varnish precursors)
Soot
Nitration
Sulfation
Oxidation
Additive Depletion
RULER
Quick evaluation of remaining antioxidant package
TOST/RPVOT
ISO 4406
soft particle detection
Panel coker test
Ultracentrifuge
Blotter spot test
Sample physical inspection
Inspection methods
OOT/OIT (oxidation onset and induction temperature)
Noack volatility



