Description
The Varnish and Deposit Prevention and Removal (VPR) Certification Preparation outline:
Problems Associated with Varnish and Deposits
Flow restriction, starvation and filter plugging
Restricted movement, stiction and silt lock
Increased friction and effect on efficiency
Impaired heat transfer
Bearing operation
Need to flush
Accelerated lubricant degradation
Lubricant performance properties
Factors Affecting Breakdown
Effect of base fluid on breakdown and deposit formation:
Groups I – IV more prone to oxidation.
Very non-polar – lower relative saturation point.
Group V prone to hydrolysis (esters), thermal degradation (PAGs) and oxidation (limited discussion).
Relatively polar – higher relative saturation point.
Additive Selection.
Amine antioxidants, phenol antioxidants and antiwear additives.
Additive synergy and anti-synergy.
Contamination:
Catalysis by acids or wear metals (cupric surfaces, babbitt etc.).
Impact of water.
Process chemicals (H2S, process gases, H2, He etc.).
Intermixing of oils (poor maintenance, leakage etc.).
Temperature:
Arrhenius law.
High temperature excursions (microdieseling, electrostatic discharge etc.).
Oxidation of base-stock and additives.
Additive drop out.
Oil base-stock phase separation.
Proactive Methods that can be used to Minimize Oil Breakdown (16%)
Keep temperature down during service and storage.
Keep oil clean and dry.
Use thermally/oxidatively-robust formulations.
Use oils with high impurity-holding capacity (IHC).
Nitrogen blanketing (creates potential for entrained gas/nitration).
Antioxidant additives.
Spent additives can actually contribute to deposits.
Controlling aeration and foam.
Controlling electrostatic discharge
Maintaining optimum fluid health
Methods/Technologies that can be used to Remove Oil Breakdown Products and/or Prevent Deposits
Particulate filtration (pros and cons)
Electrostatic precipitation and agglomeration. (pros and cons)
Centrifugal separation (pros and cons)
Ion exchange resins (pros and cons)
Oil soluble PAGs (pros and cons)
Chemical flush (pros and cons)
Detergents and solvents (pros and cons)
Solubility Enhancers (pros and cons)
Spark-free/antistatic filters



